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There are several good justifications for racial affirmative action in a society that has long been a pigmentocracy in which white people have been privileged and people of color oppressed. Affirmative action can ameliorate debilitating scars left by past racial mistreatment – scars (such as educational deprivation) that handicap racial minorities as they seek to compete with whites who have been free of racial subordination. Affirmative action can also counter racially prejudiced misconduct. True, an array of laws supposedly protect people in America from racial mistreatment. But these laws are notoriously under-enforced...

Harvard Law Professor Randall Kennedy answered Aiguerande 11th graders before a conference at the Hôtel de Région for the Villa Gillet Mode d'Emploi festival, on 24 November 2013 in Lyon, France. The meeting was organised by the Villa Gillet and La Clé des Langues, and was prepared by Kédem Ferré and his students.

Jeffrey Rosen a écrit ce texte dans le cadre de la rencontre intitulée "The end of privacy: the state and surveillance", organisée par le festival "Walls and Bridges" de la Villa Gillet. Cette rencontre propose de réfléchir au degré de surveillance auquel les États occidentaux astreignent leurs citoyens a considérablement augmenté au cours des dernières années, que ce soit dans les espaces publics ou sur internet.